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We live in an IT-world but still in a very significant
industrial world with continuously increasing competition where profitability
becomes more and more difficult to achieve.
All roads should therefore be tested to
achive high efficiency resulting in high production, better / even quality
with less environmental influence to the lowest possible achievement with
stable and variable costs.
Technical assistance in such works is, among other
things, data bases for administrative systems as well as control systems
for processes in adjustable cooperation within and between respective area
of responsibility.
The benefit of a control system can be full of
nuances.
Control systems can make it easier for personnel
to rationalize, and improve quality and productivity, save energy, and
to use them as a tool for analysis.
That gives the best possible prerequisite for
a process control as will give high efficiency for the equipment ,high
productivity and good quality.
It will make it easier for the operator and make
his work more stimulating but also give him a deeper process knowledge
as the base for developing the process control.
To work forward a control system based on IT-philosophy
is therefore fundamental.
With that as a base executes an analysis of the
company´s need for existing and planned computer systems for administration
as well as process control.
Hence it is time to start detailed structuring
and comprehensive projecting respectively for IT-and control system in
cooperation, i.e., a network for control and communication within and between
the systems.
When the technical solutions for the system exists
in the form of hardware and basic software for respective system, it is
time for structuring the process control and the information needs within
and between the data bases.
The needs of applications shall start from the
information needs that exists by users at different levels in the organization
and in the area of responsibility.
The flow of information within a company can be
divided into a formal and an informal part.
The formal part represents advanced established
routines and assistances like designed process information which is transmitted
directly to the operators by TV-screen and in reportform by printer.
It represents also in the advanced designed information
of an administrative character within the area as economic, production,
market, sales, purchasing, techniques etc.
The flow of information is on the other hand
informal and consists of spontaneous contacts between personnel for the
exchange of running information.
A structure of information shall therefore be
planned and be built up to exist and be available in the databases in different
ways where and when the needs exists.
The flow of information should consequently be
accessible in different ways for official employes at different levels
within a company.
Some information shall be blocked if, necessary..
Supervision and control of the process remains
in the operator´s control where automatic as well as manual functions
are included.
The automatic functions are built up on fundamental,
detailed knowledge in processes and in control technique.
These functions, consisting of hardware and software,also
includes informali process signals as the basis for the operators information
and actions in combined form.
The control system connected to the process gives
the best possible opportunitiy for a process control resulting in
optimal availability for the equipment and optimal production to desired
quality.
With complex control functions, there is the
potential for risk in different forms.
Such disturbances could be of an internal and
external nature.
For external disturbances we can count on disturbances
from planning, projecting, and constructions, from the operator, to supply
equipment and cables to actions in service.
Internal disturbances can occur from a failure
in hardware and software or in the incorrectness of information.
These disturbances can result in decreased safety
and can cause damage to persons, machinery, processes or the environment.
The safety questions will be treated in the section
entitled Security
in integrated system
The philosophical and structural aspects should
be suited to the company with respect to the fundamental factors of size
and organization.
However one can apply some general aspects of needs and cooperation.
It is very important that the above mentioned
information-and control systems philosophy as well as the determination
of needs be reviewed thoroughly so that machinery as well as base software
can serve unrealized needs without the costly exchanges and changes of
systems that might occur in a near future.The design of these systems requires
a broad knowledge about all the need of information.
The following provides a company´s comprehensive areas of responsibility in:
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